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In the recent case of Nowak v Ireland, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decided that the examination script of a candidate for a professional examination constitutes ‘personal data’ for the purposes of the Data Protection Directive 95/46 (the directive).

The Finance Act 2017, which came into law on 25 December 2017, introduced a significant change to stamp duty.

The Article 29 Working Party (WP29), the representative group of data protection authorities across the EU, has issued guidance on the principle of transparency established in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which comes into force on 25 May 2018.

The Civil Liability (Amendment) Act 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law on 22 November 2017 and will commence upon Ministerial order.

Are the Rules of Discovery Different in Competition Cases?

The Civil Liability (Amendment) Act 2017 passed making Open Disclosure Voluntary rather than Mandatory.